Soil health research
Soil health research and projects
Soil health research uncovers tools that allow scientists and producers to quantify changes in soil health and identify measurements that best demonstrate these changes, as well as tells us how our management impacts the soil. University of Idaho and partners have several ongoing and completed soil health research projects.
Ongoing projects
Cover crop diversity and the impacts on soil microbial communities
There has been a significant loss of biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems. The lack of aboveground diversity has been shown to reduce soil microbial diversity, which has implications for soil health. The implementation of cover crops on farms is a proposed management strategy to increase plant diversity — a soil health principle. In grassland ecosystems, an increase in aboveground diversity results in increased belowground diversity. However, it is unknown how increasing diversity over short time scales (i.e. cover crops) in agroecosystems impacts microbial communities and their function.
This research investigates how six species of cover crops including oilseed, grass and legume species affect soil microbial diversity and composition. Soil microbial communities are critical for soil carbon storage, nutrient cycling and agroecosystem function. Soil microbes are key players in soil carbon cycling by degrading organic matter and producing simple compounds that are then stored in the soil long-term. Soil carbon is known to improve soil health by increasing soil water and nutrient holding capacity and soil structure. Microbial communities are also responsible for most of the nutrient cycling in the soil and making nutrients available for plant growth. Increased soil microbial diversity means there is a greater likelihood that more than one species will perform the same function (e.g. making nitrogen available for plants). Not all microbial species will be affected equally by a disturbance, which increases the chance for continued function after a disturbance, leading to greater agricultural ecosystem stability and maintained soil health.
Idaho Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment
The Idaho Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (CAFE) is a partnership between University of Idaho, industry and the state of Idaho. The research dairy will be home to 2,000 dairy cows located on 640 acres in Idaho’s dairy producing region which spans three counties in the Magic Valley.
This project will investigate long term sustainability of water usage constraints and environmental quality. The research dairy and demonstration farm will focus on soil health and water.
Innovative Agriculture and Marketing Partnership for Idaho
The Innovative Agriculture and Marketing Partnership (IAMP) is a $59 million USDA-NRCS grant to help farmers adopt sustainable practices on Idaho’s major commodity crops including potatoes, barley, beef, chickpeas, hops, sugar beets and wheat. Learn more at iamp.uidaho.edu.
Idaho Sustainable Agriculture Initiative for Dairy
The Idaho Sustainable Agriculture Initiative for Dairy (ISAID) grant, a USDA Sustainable Agriculture Systems initiative, responds to the critical challenges posed by the exponential growth of Idaho's dairy industry. The state of Idaho is one of the top dairy producers in the U.S. and managing the increased volumes of liquid and solid manure presents significant hurdles. High concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from imported feed and fertilizer usage have led to underutilization by soil and plants. The ISAID grant aims to convert these excess N and P from dairy production into valuable bioproducts, including commercial fertilizers and bioplastics. The ultimate goal is to create a dairy bioeconomy that enhances soil health, sustains agricultural productivity, minimizes environmental impacts and fosters economic opportunities, thus forging a circular system that optimizes resource use and reduces waste. A dedicated team of faculty, Extension educators and students, is driving this transformative initiative forward. Learn more at www.uidahoisaid.com.
Department of Soil and Water Systems faculty and soil chemist Daniel Strawn discusses biochar and soil health on the Clever Cow podcast.
Potato soil health project
The Potato Soil Health Project was established to address two related issues with soil health in potato cropping systems across the United States:
- Despite the frequent use of fumigation in most farms, pressure from soil-borne diseases is increasing over time.
- At the same time, soil productivity is declining. Our overall objectives are to determine how best to measure soil health in potato cropping systems, identify the tools (cover crops, soil amendments, rotation schemes) that best enhance both soil health and tuber production, and communicate our findings to potato growers.
Find more information at https://potatosoilhealth.cfans.umn.edu/.
Synergistic response of soil function and biodiversity to multiple soil health management practices
Historically management of agricultural soils has resulted in depletion of soil biodiversity and inefficiencies in biogeochemical cycles. Soil health management strategies have often combated these negative effects, but stakeholders are hungry for information regarding potential synergies between management practices.
We will pair a common garden experiment with a stable isotope pulse-chase, while simultaneously quantifying the composition, diversity and function of soil microbial communities, enabling for a better understanding of how soil health management practices interact (i.e., cover crop diversity, intercropping, compost addition and livestock-crop integration).
We will then expose soils to an array of global change factors, using a microcosm approach, to address how resistant/resilient soils are to these perturbations.
Together, the results of these objectives will illustrate synergies between soil health management practices, and how these practices impact soil biogeochemistry and microbial communities.
Additionally, this work will provide critical links between soil health metrics and soil microbial community composition and function while also highlighting the resistance/resilience of these communities to global change.
Learn more at: https://www.stricklandlab.com/.
Completed work
Landscapes in Transition
Landscapes in Transition (LIT) was a collaborative research project between University of Idaho, Oregon State University, Washington State University and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. LIT research used systems thinking to investigate pathways to increase resiliency and diversification in the Inland Pacific Northwest rain fed wheat-based cropping systems and by identifying alternatives to fallow. Learn more at https://www.pnwlit.org/.
Regional Approaches to Climate Change
Regional Approaches to Climate Change (REACCH) was a collaborative research effort that sought to increase sustainability of Inland Northwest cereal production and investigate approaches to mitigate climate change by reducing emissions from agriculture. Learn more at https://www.reacchpna.org/home.
Magic Valley soil health project
The Magic Valley Soil Health project is a five-year research project assessing how management practices impact soil health in the Magic Valley. The project, beginning in 2019, assesses 34 fields across the Magic Valley, evaluating different soil physical, biological and chemical properties.
In odd years, 2019, 2021, 2023, physical properties such as bulk density, soil moisture and infiltration, chemical properties assessing standard nutrients and biological assessing Phospholipid Fatty Acid (PLFA) and Haney test were measured. In even years, chemical testing and another biological test called Soil Your Undies are assessed.
Preliminary results showed that biological measurements were highest in no-till perennial fields. Results can be used to determine which management practices best correlate to soil health, which will allow producers to make more informed decisions about management.
Soil your undies campaign
The Soil Your Undies Campaign was part of the Magic Valley Soil Health project. A new pair of cotton underwear is buried in each field, after eight weeks they are dug up and examined. Microorganisms, like bacteria and fungi break down the cotton parts of the underwear, leaving the rubber materials. The amount of breakdown is associated with microbial activity and decomposition in the soil, which is indicative of soil health. Percent loss by weight is calculated at the end of the eight weeks.