Industrial Hygiene Program

The industrial hygiene staff in Environmental Health and Safety (EHS), along with the hazardous materials coordinator and facilities project management, are responsible for identifying asbestos hazards and protecting U of I employees, students, and the public from airborne asbestos fibers. EHS performs annual air monitoring in buildings with friable asbestos materials to ensure compliance with federal regulations and maintain high air quality standards at University of Idaho.

Be aware of your surroundings and report any damaged materials that may contain asbestos, such as floor tiles or insulation, to EHS. We will assess any potential concerns. If abatement work is underway, do not enter restricted areas, as unauthorized entry can expose you to asbestos fibers. Certified workers use protective gear and HEPA-filtered systems to prevent fiber escape and decontaminate before leaving the containment zone.

Resources:  

• EPA
• OSHA
• USGS asbestos information

The Blood-borne Pathogen Policy is designed for employees and students with occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials. The industrial hygienist in EHS manages the program, maintains records, and investigates exposure incidents. For questions about decontamination agents, personal protective equipment, or safe work methods, contact the industrial hygienist.

Employees and students must comply with the policy to minimize hazards from potentially infectious materials through safe work practices, engineering controls, and prompt decontamination of spills.

Resources:

• BBP Exposure Control Template (Word)
• Hepatitis A/B Vaccination form (PDF)
• CDC Blood-borne Infectious Diseases
• OSHA BBP website
• OSHA Standard

Chemical exposure can occur anywhere on campus, not just in laboratories. The EHS industrial hygienist evaluates health hazards in the workplace by conducting exposure assessments that consider chemical usage, frequency, quantity, and existing engineering controls. If needed, the industrial hygienist will utilize instruments and detection devices to assess risks associated with specific contaminants.

To reduce risk, follow standard operating procedures, use engineering controls like fume hoods, and wear personal protective equipment such as respirators, gloves, and safety glasses. Concerns about exposure to harmful chemicals during a specific task should be routed to EHS for an assessment. Should chemical concentrations exceed permissible exposure levels, EHS will collaborate with the department to implement engineering controls or recommend personal protective equipment.

The university's Hearing Conservation Program, administered by EHS, monitors employees exposed to hazardous noise levels through noise surveys, training, baseline and annual hearing tests, and the selection of appropriate hearing protection.

If there are concerns about exposures to high noise levels, contact EHS. The industrial hygienist can conduct a noise survey to assess your exposure, and if hazardous levels are confirmed, you will be enrolled in the Hearing Conservation Program.

EHS promptly addresses indoor air quality concerns, which can be affected by factors such as poor ventilation, nearby construction, or idling vehicles near air intakes. Using various instruments, EHS conducts comprehensive indoor air quality surveys and collaborates with building occupants and Facilities Management to resolve any issues impacting air quality.

Everyone should be aware of their surroundings. If you feel unwell and suspect it may be due to poor air quality, report it to EHS immediately, noting the time and location of symptom onset or any unusual odors detected.

EHS is responsible for assessing paint in university buildings where it is deteriorated or damaged, as well as in areas planned for remodeling or construction. If a paint sample tests positive for lead, EHS will collaborate with Facilities to safely remove or manage the paint in place.

If failing paint is noticed in a U of I facility, it should be reported to EHS promptly. They will assess whether the paint contains lead and if trained staff or contractors are needed to handle it safely. During abatement work, do not enter the work area, as unauthorized entry can result in exposure to lead dust, and the dust may also escape the containment zone. Staff and contractors are required to use enclosures, ventilation systems, and HEPA vacuums to minimize exposure risks.

Resources:  

• CDC
• EPA
• Idaho DEQ 

EHS collaborates with Facilities to identify potential mold hazards in the workplace, ensuring that staff, faculty, students, and the public are not exposed to airborne mold spores. Mold growth in indoor environments can lead to health issues and damage to building materials, furnishings, and even structural integrity.

Be aware of the surroundings and report any water leaks to Facilities immediately by calling 208-885-6246. It is crucial to keep areas prone to excess moisture clean and dry, and proper ventilation can help remove moisture. Prompt action must be taken to repair leaks and dry affected areas, as materials that remain wet for extended periods may promote mold growth. Water leaks are an emergency, report them to EHS and Facilities as soon as possible.  

Resources:  

• AIHA The Facts About Mold
• CDC
• EPA Mold Resources

The respiratory protection program establishes guidelines for respirator selection, use, medical surveillance, and physician approval. All respirator use by employees and students must be coordinated through EHS. While engineering controls and modified work practices are preferred for reducing exposure to airborne contaminants, respiratory protection may be required when these methods are insufficient.

To participate, employees or students concerned about exposure to air contaminants can request a work site assessment or air monitoring from EHS. Based on the findings, EHS will determine the necessity of respirator use, the appropriate type of respirator, and whether medical surveillance is required, as well as provide training and fit testing.

Regulations:

• CDC NIOSH
• OSHA

Resources:

• Respirator Use Determination Flow Chart (PDF)
• Voluntary Use of Respirators (PDF)
• What is a Respirator (PDF)

What is asbestos?  

Asbestos is a fibrous mineral, composed mainly of silica, that occurs naturally in the environment. It is mined, processed and then used to manufacture many building components.

What makes asbestos dangerous?  

Asbestos is a fibrous mineral. The fibers that are formed are microscopic in size, up to 300 times smaller than the diameter of human hair. These very small fibers, once released from a material matrix, can become suspended in air for many hours or days. If inhaled, these fibers can reach the alveoli in your lungs. They become trapped in your lung tissue and your body forms scar tissue around them and may result in cancer. The buildup of scar tissue in your lungs is referred to as asbestosis. Mesothelioma is a rare, but very deadly cancer caused by asbestos exposure.

If I am exposed, will I get an asbestos-related illness?  

It is unlikely that moderate exposure to asbestos fibers will cause one of these illnesses to develop. Asbestos is a natural mineral and is therefore found in the ambient air we breathe. It has been estimated that the average person will breathe in around 26 million fibers in their lifetime. The problem is knowing at what time an asbestos illness will be triggered. This is referred to as a dose-response relationship. The more you are exposed, the more likely you are to have an issue. There is no magical number that determines if you will become sick. Most people who have developed an asbestos related illness in the past are those that have had multiple extensive exposures, especially those working in mining, manufacturing, the construction industry and shipyards.

Why was asbestos used in so many building materials?  

Asbestos is a mineral that is resistant to heat and corrosion, has excellent insulation properties, has high tensile strength, is relatively cheap, and is readily available. It was often referred to as the super mineral; highly sought after in the construction industry, as well as the aeronautical and automotive industries.

What happened with the practice of using asbestos in building products?  

Although it was known that asbestos fibers likely caused health problems in the early to mid-1900s, it was not until the 1970s when the U.S. federal government took regulatory action. Initially the standards only applied to K-12 schools. Now EPA, OSHA, CPSC, MSHA, DOT, and several other agencies have created standards and regulations about the manufacture, use, handling, transportation, and disposal; however, asbestos is not completely banned and can still be used in the manufacture of many building products today, especially those produced outside of the United States.

What is the university doing to protect me from exposure?  

Environmental Health and Safety has an asbestos program manager in charge of the Management in Place policy for all campus facilities. If an asbestos-containing building material needs to be removed, such as for a remodel project, then it is only done by qualified abatement personnel, under strict removal, handling, and disposal requirements. The EHS asbestos program manager will oversee this work to ensure the safety of all occupants in the building. If you notice damaged building components that could contain asbestos, or if you are unsure if they could contain asbestos, please contact EHS at 208-885-6524.

Why doesn't the university just remove all of it now?  

It is not financially possible to remove it all as it is very widespread. Management in Place is the EPA recommended solution for managing asbestos-containing materials. Since asbestos building products kept in good condition do not pose any health hazards, and because there are many asbestos-containing materials in our buildings, the main goal is to leave them in place and ensure they are maintained in good condition.

What is it and who needs it?  

Medical surveillance is required for animal workers and most respirator use, as determined by EHS. The program, coordinated by EHS with specific medical providers, involves annual training, fit testing, and a doctor’s review of medical records. If the doctor determines it is warranted, an appointment may be requested to gather more information. This may include a physical, blood tests, x-rays, or other tests depending on your history and job-related exposure risks.  

Animal workers should consult with the Office of Research Assurances and IACUC for additional information.

Do I have to pay for medical surveillance?  

Departments are responsible for the costs associated with medical surveillance, not individuals.

If I participate, what medical information does the university have access to?  

None. Records are kept by the doctor's office. Only the doctor's recommendation regarding abilities, needs, and restrictions are provided to Environmental Health and Safety.

What happens if mold is found in a workspace?  

If there is visible mold in a university workplace, it should be reported to Facilities at 208-885-6246 as soon as possible. Facilities and Environmental Health and Safety will work together to determine the appropriate course of action to remediate the problem.

How can mold be kept out of a workspace?  

Most, if not all, of the mold found indoors comes from outdoor sources. It needs moisture to grow and becomes a problem where there is moisture damage, high humidity, or dampness. Controlling excess moisture is the key to preventing and stopping indoor mold growth. Any areas that become wet due to water leaks, flooding, or other means should be promptly reported to Facilities at 208-885-6246 so they may control the source of moisture and begin efforts to dry out the area.

Why is a dust mask considered a respirator?  

A respirator is a device used to protect a person from inhaling contaminants in the air, such as particulates, chemicals and gases. By this definition, N-95s and other "dust masks" are considered respirators and EHS must be consulted prior to using them. Most respirator users are required to be in the medical surveillance program. See also: What is a respirator? (PDF)

Who needs to be in the respiratory protection program?  

Participation in this program is required if respirator use is required as a part of job duties and activities at the university. See the Respirator Use Determination Flowchart (PDF) and contact EHS at 208-885-6524 for assistance in determining if you need to participate in the program. Additional information regarding university policies may be found in the APM Chapter 35.51.

What does the respiratory protection program involve?  

The program involves three parts: medical surveillance, training, and fit testing, all of which must be repeated annually. For training, there is an initial in-person class with the respiratory protection program administrator, and then annual refreshers are completed online. 

When smoke levels are hazardous outside, what should I do?  

The EPA recommends different levels of action depending on the Air Quality Index (AQI) and personal health factors. The AQI may be referenced to determine levels of outdoor activity, and when it is advisable to remain indoors.

Is it safe to be on campus if smoke levels are hazardous outside?  

Yes. Air handling systems are designed to be able to filter particulates from outside and recirculate inside air. When it is feasible to rely on circulated air, normal operations may continue. EHS will monitor select buildings during smoke events to confirm safe occupancy based on PM2.5 particulate levels.

Will the university shut down if the levels are dangerous?  

Yes. If levels exceed the air handling system capabilities on campus, some or all operations may be restricted or shut down. U of I administration has specific guidelines on handling this decision as an emergency closure if the need arises. Essential personnel are expected to report to work and maintain critical operations.  

How are outside air levels measured compared to inside levels?  

Outside air levels are determined by several contaminants that make up the Air Quality Index (AQI). These contaminants include ozone, toxic gases, and fine particulate matter like smoke. They are grouped and averaged to create the overall index. As the index numbers rise, air quality is deemed worse and limits on outside activities or recommendations to stay indoors are advised.  

Indoor air quality is measured by the specific contaminant. In this case the contaminant is particulate matter – like smoke – which is very fine particles that remain suspended in the air. This is represented as PM2.5. These particles are easily inhaled and tend to migrate deep into the lungs and even into the circulatory system.  

If a known contaminant like smoke exists outside, it can be measured indoors and compared with outside levels. These measurements can be used to determine if building occupancy or indoor activity levels may need to be restricted.  

What is the threshold for outdoor activity on the Air Quality Index?  

When the outdoor air quality index reaches 300, all outdoor activity should be avoided. The Idaho DEQ Air Quality Index Table provides information on thresholds and action levels for outdoor activity.

What is the threshold for PM2.5 contamination indoors?  

There is no recognized limit to PM2.5 contamination indoors. However, the university may take reasonable action to restrict indoor activities if indoor air quality levels cannot be maintained at or below known hazardous outdoor air levels.

Are the buildings safe to occupy during a large-scale smoke event?  

Unless an emergency closure is declared by U of I administration, indoor environments are presumed to be safe.

Air handling systems on campus are designed to provide filtered recirculated air. In buildings without air handling systems, windows and doors should be kept closed to prevent outside contaminants from migrating indoors. Concerns about indoor air quality should be routed to EHS. Employees should work with Human Resources if special accommodations are needed to carry out normal duties.

Are labs safe during a large-scale smoke event?  

Yes, but access may be restricted.

Fume hoods are to always remain active but may need to be shut down to perform filter maintenance. This may cause temporary disruptions until the systems can be reactivated. During this time, the building should not be occupied. If an emergency closure prohibits access to a building, contact EHS for possible temporary access.  

What options are available for someone expected to work but experiencing trouble breathing?  

Employees may need to work with Human Resources for special accommodations due to a medical condition.

Facial coverings and masks may be worn as added personal protection. Higher levels of personal protection, such as tight-fitting respirators (e.g., N-95, half-face, etc.) are not advised and require a higher level of recordkeeping and approvals. Supervisors may not provide respirators for their staff without EHS involvement and employee training.

What precautions may be taken for those required to work outdoors when the air quality outside is bad?  

If duties require outside activity when activity should be restricted, supervisors may find temporary tasks indoors when possible until outside air quality levels improve. Employees may need to work with Human Resources for special accommodations due to a medical condition.

How will people know if it is safe to return to normal operations?

Administration will provide communication before, during, and after a smoke event. Prior to returning to work, building air systems will be activated to help filter and replace air. This usually occurs before normal business hours. If outdoor air quality is good, buildings with no ventilation systems may open windows and doors to introduce fresh air to the work area.

Why are some buildings so warm?  

Buildings with no central air system may become warmer throughout the day as windows are closed to keep smoke out. The use of fans or localized A/C units may help to restore comfortable temperatures within spaces. Avoid the use of window-mounted A/C units that introduce unfiltered outside air into the building. Take extra care to remain hydrated throughout the day and wear appropriate, breathable clothing.

Are there safety concerns for students walking between buildings on campus during smoke events?  

No, this is a safe daily routine that will not be impacted at lower AQI levels. EPA recommends reducing the time of outdoor physical activities at high levels of AQI. If the condition is hazardous outside, outdoor activities should be canceled.

If the AQI value is above 200, what are the safety recommendations for students and other campus community members?  

Sensitive groups: Avoid all physical activities outdoors. Move activities indoors or reschedule to a time when the air quality is better. 
Everyone else: Avoid prolonged or heavy exertion. Consider moving activities indoors or rescheduling to a time when air quality is better.

What should people that are sensitive to smoke do during wildfire season?  

People that are sensitive to smoke should monitor the air quality throughout the fire season for their own health and follow their healthcare provider’s advice. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offer guidance for sensitive groups.

Is the indoor air quality inside classrooms good while the outdoor AQI is above 200?  

At this level, EHS staff will monitor the indoor air quality inside high traffic buildings (Like ISUB and TLC) and provide daily readings and recommendations to the Smoke Event Management Team. If the indoor air quality inside a building is impaired, occupants will be notified immediately to leave the building.